Shade gardening beyond hostas
Melinda Myers
A shady spot provides welcome relief from the summer heat, but it can make growing a beautiful garden a bit more challenging. Take heart, your landscape may receive more sunlight than you suspect, and if not, there are quite a few shade-tolerant plants you can grow.
Evaluating the sun and shade patterns throughout the day, season and year is a good place to start. Sun-loving bulbs need lots of sun early in the season before most trees leaf out, while other plants need sunlight throughout the growing season. If you work all day, you may assume those shady spots in the morning and evening never light up, so take some time to evaluate the sun and shade conditions throughout the season.
Make a list of plants that you have had success with and those that failed in the shady location. Use these to help you select or avoid plants with similar light requirements. For example, if peonies bloom and tomatoes produce fruit, this area receives quite a bit of sunlight, perhaps more than you thought.
If your landscape is too shady to grow the plants you desire, try increasing the sunlight reaching ground level plantings. Hire a certified arborist to thin the overhead tree canopy. They have the training and experience to do the job safely and correctly. You don’t want to damage the health and structure of established trees, which are so critical to the beauty of your landscape.
If there’s too much shade to grow even shade-loving plants, consider mulch to keep the mud in place, permeable pavers and a table or chair for relaxing, or a few steppers and moss to create a moss garden.
Once you’ve made your selections and planted your garden, you need to adjust the care to compensate for the limited light conditions. Plants growing under large trees or overhangs need to be watered more often, especially the first year or two until they become established. The dense canopy of many trees and impervious overhangs prevent rainfall from reaching the ground below. Plus, the extensive root systems of trees and shrubs absorb much of the rainfall that does make it through, so check soil moisture several times a week and water thoroughly as needed.
Tree and shrub roots can also compete with plantings for nutrients. Use a low-nitrogen, slow-release fertilizer like Milorganite (milorganite.com), which promotes steady above- and below-ground growth. The 85-percent organic material further helps improve the soil. Apply slow-release fertilizers at planting and once again for annuals mid-season. Fertilize new and established perennials in early spring and again in mid-summer as needed.
Avoid high-nitrogen, quick-release fertilizers that promote lush succulent growth, which is more susceptible to insects and diseases. And with limited light as a potential plant stressor, this can increase the risk of problems.
When planting under or near trees, be careful not to kill them when creating your shade garden. Adding as little as an inch of soil over the roots can kill some tree species. And deep cultivation can damage the feeder roots critical for water and nutrient absorption, since the majority grow within the top 12 inches of soil.
Here is a list of just a few shade-tolerant perennials to consider. As always, make sure the plants also tolerate your region’s climate. And once you start reviewing the Internet and plant catalogs, you may find it difficult to narrow down your choices to fit in your new shade garden.
Woodland wildflowers • Spring flowering bulbs • Grape hyacinths • Checkered lilies • Camassia • Daffodils • Virginia bluebells • Perennial flowers • Ajuga • Astilbe • Barrenwort (Epimedium) • Bleeding Heart • Bugbane/Snakeroot (Actaea) • Columbine • Coral Bells • Deadnettle (Lamium) • Ferns • Foam flower (Tiarella) • Ginger (Asarum) • Hostas • Japanese forest grass (Hakonechloa) • Lungwort • Sedges • Siberian bugloss (Brunnera) • Variegated solomon seal • Toadlily (Tricyrtis)
For more information, visit melindamyers.com.
Melinda Myers has written more than 20 gardening books, including Small Space Gardening. She hosts The Great Courses “How to Grow Anything: Food Gardening For Everyone” DVD set and the nationally syndicated Melinda’s Garden Moment TV & radio segments. Myers is a columnist and contributing editor for Birds & Blooms magazine.